Jakarta, ThedailyID — A healthy pregnancy starts long before a positive pregnancy test. Couples can prepare by checking their health and addressing potential risks before trying to conceive.
Preconception care helps identify conditions that could affect pregnancy and allows couples to seek treatment early. It also helps prospective parents make informed decisions about their health.
Here are seven health factors to consider before planning a pregnancy.
1. Existing medical conditions
First, couples should review any medical conditions they already have. Diabetes, high blood pressure, thyroid disorders, and certain mental health conditions can affect pregnancy.
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends managing these conditions before conception when possible. However, having a chronic illness does not automatically mean someone cannot become pregnant. Instead, healthcare professionals can help manage the condition and reduce potential risks.
2. Medications, vitamins, and supplements
Next, review all medications and supplements before trying to conceive. This includes prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products.
Some substances can affect pregnancy or fetal development. Therefore, discuss everything you take with a healthcare professional during a preconception consultation. Do not stop prescribed medication without medical advice.
3. Family medical history
Family health history can reveal potential genetic risks. Couples should discuss inherited conditions, birth defects, mental health disorders, and certain cancers in their families.
According to ACOG, reviewing the medical and genetic histories of both partners can help identify concerns early. In some cases, healthcare professionals may recommend additional screening or genetic counseling.
4. Vaccination status
Vaccinations are another important part of pregnancy preparation. Couples should review their immunization records with a healthcare professional.
Depending on individual needs, checks may include rubella, varicella, and hepatitis B. Some vaccines, including those for rubella and varicella, should ideally be administered before pregnancy because they are not routinely given during pregnancy.
5. Sexually transmitted infection screening
Couples should also discuss whether they need screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Depending on age and risk factors, tests may include HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia.
Importantly, screening is about protecting both partners’ health, not assigning blame. Early detection allows people to receive appropriate treatment before pregnancy.
6. Start taking folic acid
Folic acid is important even before pregnancy is confirmed. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that women who could become pregnant take 400 micrograms (mcg) daily.
This vitamin helps prevent neural tube defects, which affect the developing brain and spine. Therefore, starting before conception is important because these structures develop early in pregnancy.
7. Review weight, diet, and daily habits
Finally, couples should assess their weight, nutrition, diet, and physical activity. Both very low and high body weight can be associated with fertility challenges and pregnancy complications.
Daily habits also matter. The CDC recommends avoiding smoking, alcohol, and certain substances when preparing for pregnancy. These precautions are relevant to prospective fathers as well.
For men, testosterone and other androgen use also deserves attention. These substances can suppress sperm production and contribute to infertility.
Ultimately, pregnancy preparation is not only the prospective mother’s responsibility. Both partners should review their medical history, medications, genetic risks, and lifestyle habits. With early planning and professional guidance, couples can better prepare for a healthier pregnancy.
