Jakarta, ThedailyID — Some researchers warn that Generation Z could become the first modern generation to show weaker cognitive performance than Millennials, raising debate over how digital life may be reshaping intelligence.
The concern ties to what experts call the reverse Flynn Effect. For decades, average IQ scores rose across generations. However, some researchers now say that trend has slowed or reversed in parts of the world.
Neuroscientist Jared Cooney Horvath has argued Gen Z may be the first generation in modern history to score lower than the one before it on some core cognitive measures. He points to declining deep reading, reduced attention spans, and heavy screen dependence as possible drivers.
“More than half of many teenagers’ waking hours now happen in front of screens,” Horvath told U.S. lawmakers in written testimony, warning that constant digital exposure may change how young brains learn.
Researchers say the issue goes beyond IQ.
Many experts argue the concern centers on certain academic and cognitive indicators, not overall human intelligence. In fact, Gen Z often shows strengths in digital fluency, adaptability, and rapid information processing.
Still, some studies have flagged declines in reading comprehension, numeracy, and problem-solving in several countries. As a result, researchers have started questioning whether modern learning environments may be weakening deeper cognitive skills.
Moreover, experts say technology alone does not explain the shift. They also point to pandemic disruptions, fragmented attention, weaker reading habits, and education gaps.
Importantly, many scientists reject the idea that Gen Z is simply “less smart.” Instead, they argue cognition may be adapting to a different environment, with trade-offs rather than straightforward decline.
Therefore, many education experts now call for more critical thinking, deeper reading, and less passive screen use. They say those habits may help protect long-term cognitive development.
Ultimately, researchers frame the debate as a warning about modern lifestyles, not a verdict on a generation. And that distinction may matter most.
