Jakarta, ThedailyID — Narcissism is often associated with people who seem obsessed with themselves. But psychologists view the trait as more complex than simply loving your own reflection.
The concept dates back to the Greek myth of Narcissus, a young man who became obsessed with his own reflection. Today, psychologists use the term to describe an inflated and grandiose view of oneself.
People with narcissistic traits may believe they are more attractive, intelligent or important than others. They may also feel entitled to special treatment.
Psychologists generally describe two forms of narcissism: grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism.
Grandiose narcissists tend to be outgoing, dominant and attention-seeking. They may pursue positions of power because they want the status and recognition that come with them.
Vulnerable narcissists can appear very different. They may seem quiet or reserved but still have a strong sense of entitlement. They can also become easily threatened or offended.
The difference matters because narcissism does not always look obvious.
The video explains that narcissism involves an inflated view of oneself. However, its effects can extend beyond the individual.
“The psychological definition of narcissism is an inflated, grandiose self-image,” said Campbell in the TED-Ed video, Tuesday (25/08).
Narcissistic behavior can create problems in relationships, workplaces and other social settings. When people challenge a narcissist’s positive view of themselves, they may respond with resentment or aggression.
“When their rosy view of themselves is challenged, they can become resentful and aggressive,” Campbell said.
At its most severe, narcissism can develop into narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). The condition involves persistent patterns such as grandiosity, a need for admiration, entitlement and difficulties with empathy.
However, having narcissistic traits does not automatically mean someone has NPD.
The transcript also highlights the role of both genetics and environment. Twin studies suggest narcissism has a genetic component, while parenting can also influence how these traits develop.
Parents who constantly place a child on a pedestal may contribute to grandiose narcissism. Meanwhile, cold or controlling parenting may contribute to vulnerable narcissism.
Social media has also created more opportunities for self-promotion. However, the video notes that there is no clear evidence that social media causes narcissism.
Instead, social media can give people with narcissistic traits more opportunities to seek attention and social status.
So, can narcissistic traits change?
The video suggests that honest self-reflection and greater concern for others can help. Psychotherapy and practicing compassion may also support improvement.
The challenge is that self-reflection can become difficult when it requires someone to confront an unflattering view of themselves.
Source: TED-Ed, YouTube, “The Psychology of Narcissism – W. Keith Campbell”
