Jakarta, ThedailyID — Bloating, frequent burping and feeling full after eating small amounts may seem like ordinary digestive problems. However, persistent symptoms or unusual changes deserve attention, as they can sometimes signal a more serious condition, including stomach cancer.
The Global Cancer Observatory estimated around 980,000 new stomach cancer cases worldwide in 2024. The disease also caused approximately 642,000 deaths that year, placing it among the world’s five most common cancers by new cases.
Early Symptoms of Stomach Cancer
According to the UK’s National Health Service (NHS), early stomach cancer may cause few noticeable symptoms. When symptoms appear, they can resemble common digestive conditions, including acid reflux.
Warning signs include:
- Indigestion and frequent burping
- Feeling full after eating small amounts
- Nausea or vomiting
- Difficulty swallowing
- Reduced appetite
- Unintentional weight loss
- Pain in the upper abdomen
- Persistent fatigue
- Dark-colored stools
These symptoms can also result from conditions other than cancer. Their presence alone does not mean someone has stomach cancer.
Four Types of Stomach Cancer
According to the Mayo Clinic, stomach cancer includes several types, depending on the cells where the disease begins.
1. Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of stomach cancer. It starts in the glandular cells lining the inside of the stomach.
2. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)
GIST develops from specialized cells in the digestive tract wall. This type of soft tissue sarcoma can occur in the stomach and other parts of the digestive system.
3. Neuroendocrine Tumors
These tumors develop from neuroendocrine cells, which share characteristics with nerve cells and hormone-producing cells. They can occur in different parts of the body, including the stomach. Carcinoid tumors are one subgroup.
4. Gastric Lymphoma
Unlike the other types, lymphoma begins in immune system cells. It can develop in the stomach when these cells grow uncontrollably in the tissue.
Each type originates from different cells. Doctors need medical examinations to identify the specific cancer type and determine appropriate treatment.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Digestive problems such as bloating and nausea are much more commonly caused by conditions other than cancer. However, people should seek medical advice if symptoms worsen, persist for more than three weeks or include difficulty swallowing and unexplained weight loss.
Do not delay medical care if symptoms become severe or particularly concerning. Early evaluation can help doctors identify the cause and determine the right treatment.
Recognizing warning signs does not mean assuming every digestive problem indicates cancer. Paying attention to persistent changes and seeking medical advice when necessary can help people address health concerns appropriately.
