Jakarta, ThedailyID — Reports about Pope Leo XIV’s alleged lung cancer diagnosis have drawn attention to a disease that can affect smokers and non-smokers alike. According to CNN Indonesia, the pontiff was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma on October 13, 2026, and reportedly underwent surgery to remove part of his right lung.
A Vatican spokesperson reportedly identified the condition as adenocarcinoma, a type of non-small cell lung cancer. The disease develops in cells that produce mucus and other substances.
The report also stated that doctors initially discovered a small lung nodule during a routine medical examination. Pope Leo XIV reportedly had no history of smoking.
However, smoking is not the only factor linked to lung cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, several environmental and occupational exposures can also increase the risk.
Six factors that can increase the risk of lung cancer:
1. Smoking: Tobacco cigarettes, cigars, and pipes are major risk factors for lung cancer. Avoiding tobacco is one of the most effective ways to reduce the risk.
2. Secondhand smoke: Exposure to other people’s cigarette smoke can damage lung cells. Therefore, avoiding smoky environments is important, especially with repeated exposure.
3. Air pollution: Fine particles from vehicle exhaust, fuel combustion, and other pollution sources can enter the respiratory system. Long-term exposure to air pollution is also linked to a higher risk of lung cancer.
4. Hazardous workplace exposure: Asbestos, crystalline silica, radon, certain heavy metals, and diesel exhaust can increase the risk. Workers should follow safety procedures and use appropriate protective equipment.
5. Radon and arsenic: Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can accumulate inside buildings. Meanwhile, arsenic may contaminate drinking water and enter the environment through industrial and agricultural activities.
6. Previous lung diseases: Research has linked certain conditions, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis, and pneumonia, to a higher risk of lung cancer. However, having one of these conditions does not mean a person will inevitably develop cancer.
There are also several ways to reduce exposure to known risk factors. Although not every case can be prevented, these measures can help lower the risk.
Five ways to reduce lung cancer risk include:
1. Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke. Keep homes and workplaces smoke-free. Quitting smoking can also reduce exposure to harmful substances.
2. Limit exposure to air pollution. Check local air quality and reduce outdoor activities when pollution levels are high. A suitable mask may help reduce exposure to certain airborne particles, depending on its type and fit.
3. Improve workplace safety. Use appropriate protective equipment when working around asbestos, silica, diesel exhaust, or hazardous chemicals. In addition, ensure proper ventilation and follow occupational safety guidelines.
4. Check for radon exposure. Because radon can accumulate indoors, testing buildings can help identify elevated levels. If necessary, take steps to reduce concentrations.
5. Avoid high-dose beta-carotene supplements if you smoke or previously smoked. Research has linked these supplements to an increased risk of lung cancer in these groups. Consult a healthcare professional before taking high-dose supplements.
Ultimately, lung cancer risk depends on several factors, not just smoking history. Reducing exposure to tobacco smoke, pollution, and hazardous substances can help protect long-term lung health.
