Jakarta, ThedailyID — A dog bite can cause sudden pain and panic. However, taking the right steps quickly can reduce the risk of complications.
Dogs may bite when they feel threatened. They can also bite during rough play or when they encounter unfamiliar situations.
If a dog bites you, first move to a safe location. Then, assess the wound and seek medical help when necessary.
- Contact Emergency Services for Severe Bites
The first step depends on how serious the injury is. Move away from the dog to prevent further injury.
For severe wounds, contact emergency services or seek immediate medical attention. Follow the instructions provided by medical professionals.
- Clean an Open Wound
If the bite breaks or tears the skin, wash the area with clean, warm water and mild, fragrance-free soap.
Apply gentle pressure to the wound. Then, cover it with a clean cloth to help control bleeding.
Once the bleeding subsides, apply antibiotic ointment and cover the wound with a clean bandage. Change the bandage regularly, especially if blood soaks through it.
- Treat Minor Bites Carefully
If the skin remains intact and there is no bleeding, wash the area with warm water and soap. You can also apply antibiotic ointment.
However, seek medical attention if you develop redness, swelling, warmth or worsening pain. Other warning signs include heavy bleeding, fever, visible muscle or bone, difficulty moving the affected area, or pus from the wound.
- Check the Dog’s Vaccination Status
Try to determine whether the dog has received its latest rabies vaccination. This information can help doctors assess the risk of rabies exposure.
If the dog is stray, behaves unusually or has an unknown vaccination history, seek medical advice promptly.
- Ask About Rabies and Tetanus Protection
If rabies exposure is possible, do not delay medical treatment. Doctors may recommend a rabies vaccine and, in certain cases, rabies immunoglobulin (RIG).
RIG can provide immediate protection while the vaccine takes effect. Doctors may also recommend a tetanus shot if your previous vaccination was more than five years ago.
Do not touch the wound with bare hands. Also, avoid applying irritating substances such as chili, soil, oil, turmeric, lime, salt, ash or plant sap.
A dog bite does not always lead to serious complications. Still, rabies can be life-threatening once symptoms develop. Therefore, seek medical care promptly when there is any potential risk of rabies.
